许多科学家曾经认为，同卵双胞胎在外貌上的相似是由基因决定的，而他们之间的性格、智力和其他差异则是受到环境的影响。
Many scientists once believed that physical similarities between identical twins are genetic, while their personalities, intelligence and other differences between them are an effect of their environment.
里德的研究表明，虽然没有什么能真正改变我们的 DNA，但孩子在出生前和出生后第一年所经历的环境差异有时能够影响 DNA 的表现方式，甚至使同卵双胞胎变成两个很不同的人。
Reed's research shows that though nothing can truly change our DNA, environmental differences that a child experiences before birth and in their first year can sometimes affect the way the DNA behaves, making even identical twins into very different people.
例如，吉姆·施普林格和吉姆·路易斯是同卵双胞胎。
For example, Jim Springer and Jim Louis are identical twins.
他们好奇为什么许多同卵双胞胎即使不住在一起也会做出相似的选择。
They want to know why many identical twins make similar choices even when they don't live near each other.
明尼苏达大学的研究人员研究了350组没有一起长大的同卵双胞胎。
Researchers at the University of Minnesota, study 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together.
明尼苏达大学的研究人员研究了350组没有一起长大的同卵双胞胎。
Researchers at the University of Minnesota, studied 350 sets of identical twins who did not grow up together.
科学家们继续研究同卵双胞胎，因为还有不确定的地方和许多问题没解决。
Scientists continue to study identical twins because they are uncertain about them and have many questions.
他们研究了像吉姆·施普林格和吉姆·路易斯一样在不同环境中长大的同卵双胞胎。
They study pairs of identical twins who grew up in different surroundings, like Jim Springer and Jim Louis.
由于同卵双胞胎来自于一个分裂成两个的受精卵，他们实际上共享相同的遗传密码。
Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they share virtually the same genetic code.
如果同卵双胞胎彼此在疾病方面比异卵双胞胎更相似，那么这种疾病的易感性至少在一定程度上是由遗传造成的。
If identical twins are more similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.
但在20世纪80年代，对出生时被分开而成年后重新团聚的同卵双胞胎进行研究时，双胞胎研究出现了令人惊讶的转折。
But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980s, with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults.
例如，父母可以将一个胚胎植入母亲的子宫，无限期地储存同卵双胞胎。
For example, parents could have one embryo implanted in the mother's womb and store its identical siblings indefinitely.
或者好莱坞只雇佣同卵双胞胎。
同卵双胞胎具有来自双亲的固有特征。
遗传和环紧的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。
The relative effects of heredity and environment are most clearly observable in identical twins.
同卵双胞胎在不悦的程度上比异卵双胞胎更为接近。
Identical twins were much closer than fraternal twins in unhappiness.
下面的例子说明了在对比度很大的环境中成长的同卵双胞胎的情况。
The following case illustrates what happens to identical twins when they are brought up in contrasting environments.
然而，在2000年，科学家曾宣布，X染色体和Y染色体曾经是同卵双胞胎。
However, in 2000, scientists announced that the X and Y chromosomes were once a pair of identical twins.
科学家们分析了34对年龄21至55岁男性同卵双胞胎唾沫中的DNA样品。
The researchers studied DNA in saliva contributed by 34 pairs of male identical twins, ages 21 to 55.
同卵双胞胎的基因完全相同，而异卵双胞胎只有大约一半的基因相同。
Identical twins share all of their genes and fraternal twins share only about half.
换言之，与异卵双胞胎相比，同卵双胞胎在游戏中更有可能采取相同的方式。
In other words, identical twins were more likely to play with the same strategy than fraternal twins.
如果你能找到，出生时就分开了的，同卵双胞胎，在完全不同的环境里长大。
Butt what if you are able to find identical twins who were separated at birth, and reared in radically different environments.
这些同卵双胞胎是大约三亿年前在爬行动物身上发现的，远远在人类出现之前。
These identical chromosomes were found some 300 million years ago in reptiles, long before mammals arose.
如果同卵双胞胎给出相同答案的比率高于异卵双胞胎的，那么很大可能是基因造成了这一结果。
If the identical twins came up with the same answers more often than the fraternal twins did, then it's more likely that genes were the reason.
研究人员让102同卵双胞胎和71对异卵双胞胎看20张不同面孔的图像，每张展示1秒钟。
The researchers had 102 pairs of identical twins and 71 pairs of fraternal twins look at 20 different images of faces for about a second each.
在同卵双胞胎中一人已婚一人未婚的情况下，已婚的人在婚后做出的反社会行为比未婚的人少。
Among identical twins in which one was married and one wasn't, the married twin demonstrated a lower level of antisocial behavior after the union than the unmarried twin.
在同卵双胞胎中一人已婚一人未婚的情况下，已婚的人在婚后做出的反社会行为比未婚的人少。
Among identical twins in which one was married and one wasn't, the married twin demonstrated a lower level of antisocial behavior after the union than the unmarried twin.
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