孩子更容易受到核污染的侵害，这是因为他们的甲状腺正处于发育过程，如果长期受到放射性的攻击，致癌因素会不断积累，这就容易引起突变。
Children are more vulnerable because the thyroid is still developing and therefore more likely to accumulate cancer-causing mutations over time.
创始者突变是一类引起疾病的基因突变，每一种都源自其自身祖先的“创始者”。
Founder mutations are a class of disease-causing genetic mutations, each derived from its own ancestral "founder" in whom the mutation originated.
毕竟在这个被诅咒的堕落的世界，突变可以引起各种类型的错乱和失常。
After all, mutations in a cursed, fallen world can cause all sorts of abnormalities and malfunctions.
因此，三位研究人员得到如下结论：由于代谢速度的提升，热带地区的热量引起更多的突变，也因此形成更多的物种。
By a process of elimination, therefore, the three researchers were left with the conclusion that, by pushing metabolic rates up, tropical heat causes more mutation and thus more speciation.
暴露在紫外光下会使你的细胞突变，引起癌症。
有生长优势的细胞能迅速繁殖，成为优势种群。但是，这通常是由基因突变引起，并不是我们所期望的正常生长。
Cells with a growth advantage expand faster and dominate. However, this can come at the price of genetic mutation, so growing fast is not always desirable.
称之为肿瘤抑制基因的突变可以引起生长失去控制，从而可能导致癌症。
Mutations in so-called tumor suppressor genes can result in loss of growth control, which in turn may result in cancer.
一种突变在某个人身上可能会引起肝病，而在另外一个人身上则可能会引起大脑功能紊乱。
A mutation that in one individual may cause liver disease might cause brain disorder in another.
由于Schinzel - Giedion早已被认为是由新生显性突变引起的，因此缩小候选基因的列表就与隐性遗传疾病略有不同。
Because Schinzel-Giedion was already thought to be caused by a DE novo, dominant mutation, narrowing down the list of candidate genes was slightly different than for inherited, recessive disorders.
英国生化学家AnthonyAllison在20世纪50年代观察到非洲人携带单拷贝的基因突变引起的镰状细胞性贫血保护了他们受到疟疾的侵扰。
In the 1950s Anthony Allison, a British biochemist, observed that Africans who carry a single copy of the genetic mutation that causes sickle-cell anaemia are protected against malaria.
其实早在2001年，傅英惠和她的同事就发现了另外一种能够引起家族性睡眠状态提前综合征的基因突变。
In 2001 Fu and her colleagues discovered a different gene mutation that causes FASPS.
Tsimberidou博士和她的同事挑选了患有晚期癌症的志愿者(这些患者的肿瘤是由单一的、已知的突变引起的)，试验方法与第一期相同。
Dr Tsimberidou and her colleagues selected volunteers with late-stage cancer whose tumours were caused by single, known mutations and did the equivalent of a phase I trial on them.
在繁衍一百代之后，一次突变会引起它们中的一个进化出引导其向前移动的基因。
After 100 generations of breeding, a mutation led to one of them evolving a "gene" instructing it to move forward.
我们在进一步研究基因突变为何会引起这种睡眠问题的同时，也很可能会了解导致情绪消沉的原因。
As we probe deeper into how this mutation causes sleep problems, it very likely will also give insight to how the mutation will cause depression.
但是他们得到这个结果是有假设前提的，即第一种突变所引起的损坏不致于影响基因的完整性。
To get that figure, however, they had to assume that the damage caused buy the first mutation has a negligible effect on fitness.
视网膜炎色斑有很多种不同的症状，每一个都由不同的基因突变引起。
There are many different forms of the disorder, each caused by mutations in a different gene.
有时是暂时的，可能是由于某些特殊事情或突变而引起的；而对有些人来说，似乎很长时间都很孤独。
For some it's temporary, perhaps triggered by particular events or transitions, while for others, it seems to be a permanent fact of life.
在这里，我们调查的，是由体细胞突变引起的肿瘤细胞的细胞核，能被后生重编程进入正常组织的可能性。
Here, we investigate the possibility of whether a tumor cell nucleus, in which transformation is caused by somatic mutation, can be epigenetically reprogrammed into normal tissues.
在多数基因情况下，约5 - 15%的病例都是由一种叫做“无意义突变”的缺陷引起。
In most genetic conditions, between 5-15 per cent of cases are caused by a defect called a "nonsense mutation".
叶绿素合成可以由黄化、突变性阻塞或链霉素而引起。
Inhibition of chlorophyll synthesis may be caused by etiolation, mutant blocks, or streptomycin.
这项研究实际上是第一个报道一例因基因突变引起的儿童癌症。
The study is actually the first to report an example of a childhood cancer caused by mutations in a cancer-causing gene.
它也许通过其抗炎作用阻止癌症，不过也可能是通过缓慢修复癌症引起的永久性突变来治好癌症。
The drug might prevent cancer through its anti-inflammatory effects, but it may also slow the build up of mutations that ultimately lead to the cancer.
由于突变而引起的这些核心通路和调节过程的失调，是胰腺癌形成的主要特征性改变。
Dysregulation of these core pathways and processes through mutation can explain the major features of pancreatic tumorigenesis.
甜玉米主要是由普通玉米胚乳基因隐性突变引起的。
Sweet maize is mainly caused by conceal mutation of common maize endosperm gene.
目前，MBL的结构-功能关系未明，MBL基因突变引起调理吞噬缺损的机制不清，这些均需进一步研究予以阐明。
However, the relationship between structure and functions of MBL and the mechanisms by which MBL structure gene mutations cause opsonic deficiency are to be clarified.
结论野生型和突变型PRPF31基因真核表达载体的构建，为研究PRPF31基因突变引起视网膜色素变性的机制奠定了基础。
Conclusion Construction of the eukaryotic expression vectors of wild type and mutant PRPF31 genes is basic work for research on the mechanisms of retinitis pigmentosa caused by PRPF31 mutation.
癌基因突变引起肿瘤形成，而血管生成则是肿瘤扩大所必需的。
Oncogenic mutations initiate tumorigenesis but angiogenesis is necessary for expansion of tumor mass.
癌基因突变引起肿瘤形成，而血管生成则是肿瘤扩大所必需的。
Oncogenic mutations initiate tumorigenesis but angiogenesis is necessary for expansion of tumor mass.
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