现在，地质证据和恒星演化模型之间这种明显的矛盾被称为“微弱年轻太阳悖论”。
Now, this apparent contradiction between geologic evidence and the stellar evolution model became known as the faint young Sun paradox.
弄清恒星的能源对恒星演化的研究是更为关键的问题。
An understanding of the stellar energy sources is still more vital for the problem of stellar evolution.
贯穿对流是恒星演化理论长期未获很好解决的理论问题。
Convection overshooting is a long standing theoretical problem in the theory of stellar evolution.
超新星是恒星演化的最终阶段，是最激烈的天体物理现象。
A supernova is the last stage of stellar evolution, and is a violent astrophysical phenomena.
黑洞是恒星演化的终点，这些恒星的质量通常有10- 15个太阳大小。
Black holes are the evolutionary endpoints of stars at least 10 to 15 times as massive as the Sun.
在第一部分引言中，说明现代恒星演化学说的分歧主要是在恒星形成主序星以后的演化。
In the first introductory part it is pointed out that the main difference among current theories of stellar evolution is in the evolutionary stage after stars move onto the main sequence.
基于开普勒望远镜巨大的观测数量和优良的数据质量，科学家希望借此提高对恒星演化的认识。
Because of the quality of the Kepler data and the large number of stars the spacecraft will observe, scientists hope to improve their understanding of stellar evolution.
随着更多的超新星前身星得到确切证认，对大质量恒星演化理论的改进和完善将会获得有力的推动。
Reliable identification of supernova progenitors is strongly impelling to improve and refine the evolution theory of massive stars.
如果在恒星演化过程有磁应力来支撑引力，超过中子星质量上限的大质量中子星则不致于坍缩成黑洞。
If the magnetic stress bears up the gravitation in the stellar evolution, the big mass neutron star over the neutron - star mass can not collapse into a black hole.
这种大质量恒星会以极高的速度燃烧燃料，现正处于恒星演化的末期，终将超新星爆炸结束它的生命之旅。
Burning fuel at a prodigious rate and near the end of its stellar life this star should ultimately go out with a bang in a spectacular supernova explosion.
在仅仅的几千年里，星云将消散在太空中，中心的恒星将完全冷却下来，最后变成白矮星，这是几乎所有恒星演化的最后阶段。
In only a few thousand years the nebula will dissipate into space. The central star will then gradually cool down, eventually becoming a White Dwarf, the final stage of evolution for nearly all stars.
蜘蛛星云离我们很近，在LMC中观测角度很有利，也没用星际气体阻隔期间，因此它成为了解大质量恒星演化的最好实验室之一。
Its proximity, the favourable inclination of the LMC, and the absence of intervening dust make this nebula one of the best laboratories to better understand the formation of massive stars.
然而在大爆炸宇宙模型和恒星演化理论之间存在一个人们了解甚少的领域：就是由大量恒星组成而又作为宇宙基本单元的星系是如何形成和演化的?。
Between the theories of big-bang cosmology and the theory of stellar structure and theory, there is a gap still rarely understood: how do the galaxies form?
超新星残骸以重元素填充宇宙空间，压缩星际气体促进新恒星的形成，因而在星体演化过程中扮演重要角色。
Supernova remnants play an important role in stellar evolution by enriching space with heavy elements, and triggering new star formation by compressing interstellar gas.
恒星的形成对星系的演化很重要，对行星的产生也很重要——包括适宜人居住的或者不适宜人居住的行星。
Star formation is vital to galaxy evolution and the production of planets, both inhabited and uninhabited.
WFC3的光谱范围从紫外线到近红外线，揭示了恒星不同的演化阶段，这使天文学家得以剖析星系的恒星形成历史。
WFC3's broad wavelength range, from ultraviolet to near-infrared, reveals starsat different stages of evolution, allowing astronomers to dissect the galaxy'sstar-formation history.
我们通过中红外波长来测量在老的且演化中的恒星（带有红色色彩蓝色恒星）中形成的尘埃。
The dust being formed in old, evolved stars (blue stars with a red tinge) is measured using mid-infrared wavelengths.
我们通过中红外波长来测量在老的且演化中的恒星（带有红色色彩蓝色恒星）中形成的尘埃。
The dust beingformed in old, evolved stars (blue stars with a red tinge) is measuredusing mid-infrared wavelengths.
一般来说，较小的恒星——也就是那些体积达我们的太阳八倍大小的恒星——在它们漫长演化过程的终点，就会变成白矮星。
When they reach the end of their long evolutions, smaller stars—those up to eight times as massive as our own sun—typically become white dwarfs.
物理学家恩里克·费米曾提出一个著名的问题：既然宇宙中有着海量的恒星系，其中有条件演化出生命的也为数不少，然而为什么到目前止还没有任何一个地外文明向地球人展示它们的存在？
The physicist Enrico Fermi famously asked why no extra-terrestrials have shown up on Earth when there are likely to be so many solar systems where life could have evolved.
各种质量的恒星的演化，均以流体力学的时间尺度进行。
Evolution of stars of all masses takes place on a hydrodynamic time scale.
威廉姆斯最后说，随着我们研究这些过程效应渐趋详细，我们能分辨星系中单个恒星的数量越多，星系的演化图像就越精确。
The trick to studying the effects of this process in detail, Williams says, is being able to resolve many individual stars in galaxies to create an accurate picture of their evolution.
分子外流标志着恒星形成早期演化的一个重要阶段。
Molecular outflows mark an important phase in the early evolution of star formation.
演化恒星的色球活动与恒星自转周期间存在很好的相关性。
The relation between stellar chromospheric activity and rotation of evolution stars have a good relativity.
这些研究者就顽固地争辩说，恒星沿主星序向下的演化，应该伴随着连续的和很显著的质量损失。
These investigators tenaciously argued the evolution of stars downward along the sequence ought to be accompanied by a continuous and very substantial loss of mass.
如何处理恒星中的对流运动，是恒星结构和演化理论中一个极为重要的问题。
How to deal with the turbulent convection motion in stars is a very important problem in the theory of stellar structure and evolution.
因此可以说类太阳振动的研究是传统的日震学与恒星结构和演化相结合的产物。
So, the study of solar-like oscillations came from helioseismology combine with the stellar structure and evolution.
原子核理论研究恒星的结构和演化﹐元素的起源和核合成﹐以及宇宙线问题。
The theoretical study of nuclear structure and the origin and evolution of stars elements of nuclear and cosmic ray problem.
耀星是红矮星早期演化的一个必经阶段，这个阶段的持续时间取决于恒星的质量。
The stage of flare stars, which duration depends on the mass of the stars, is a natural stage of the early evolution for red dwarf stars.
耀星是红矮星早期演化的一个必经阶段，这个阶段的持续时间取决于恒星的质量。
The stage of flare stars, which duration depends on the mass of the stars, is a natural stage of the early evolution for red dwarf stars.
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