abstract:The All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce (ACFIC; ) is a non-governmental chamber of commerce, established in 1953 as a successor to the chambers of commerce that were first founded during the Qing Dynasty. Today, it consists of Chinese industrialists and business people under the leadership of the United Front Department of the Communist Party of China, as well as being a constituent organization of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference and the holder of a number of seats in the National People's Congress.