Roisin O'Sullivan is an economics professor at Smith College in Massachusetts and a former economist at the Central Bank of Ireland.

欧沙利文是麻州史密斯学院的经济学教授，先前也是爱尔兰央行经济学家。

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The interest goes from the exchequer to the IBRC and from the IBRC to the Central Bank of Ireland.

FORBES: How Much Would Ireland Benefit from Replacing the Promissory Notes with a Long-Term Bond?

The Central Bank of Ireland has said it regrets an error on a new commemorative coin that misquotes James Joyce.

BBC: James Joyce: Bank regrets 'error' on coin

The Irish government provided guarantees to the Central Bank of Ireland that these loans to the state-owned IBRC would be repaid.

FORBES: Ireland's Promissory Note Deal