糖类也是碳水化合物，糖类的来源是精制糖——蔗糖，它是一种食品甜味剂、防腐剂和果糖。

Sugars are also carbohydrates, sources of sugars are refined sugar—sucrose, which is a food sweetener and preservative and fruit sugars—fructose.

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尼生素是由乳酸链球菌产生的一种天然食品防腐剂。

Nisin is a natural food preservative produced by certain strains of Streptococcus lactis.

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这次研究中，他们用了两种混有多种食品添加剂的饮料，以及一种未添加任何色素或防腐剂而只是作为安慰剂的饮料。

Their study also used two different cocktails of additives as well as a placebo drink that contained no food colourings or preservatives.

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