尽管投资者利用低成本的交易所交易基金和跟踪指数基金的能力还有待提高，但还是制造了这么多的富豪。

These riches have been generated despite the ability of investors to take advantage of low-cost exchange-traded funds and index-trackers. Investors have surged off-piste in search of higher returns.

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如今已有数个交易所交易基金在追踪该交易所的高专利股票(注2)指数。

Its index of patent-rich shares is tracked by several exchange-traded funds.

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最近，一支名为“标准普尔指数存托凭证”(SPDR)的黄金交易所交易基金(etf)成为全世界市值最大的交易所交易基金。

A gold exchange-traded fund (ETF) known as SPDR recently became the largest ETF by value in the world.

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