过去的研究工作很多都表明，只是给予参与者刺激往往还不够，他们还得亲自去做这个任务才行。

A great deal of previous work has shown that simply presenting the stimuli to the participant is usually not enough. They actually have to do the task.

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最后的两个层次和特殊的专家等级，会很快的对基于实践的倡议感到反感，确切的说，如同熟练者在被给予任务级别的细节是感到反感一样。

These last two levels, and especially the expert, can quickly come to resent practice-based initiatives, in exactly the same way that the competent person resents being given task-level detail.

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下面列出的是给予这个呆头呆脑的任务的参与者事先声明的报酬。实验方法就是比较这三种情况下的参与者的任务完成质量。

The experiment compared three different groups in which the payment for this mind-numbing task was as follows.

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