莱布尼茨认为单子具有以下基本性质:1.由于单子没有部分,是不可分的,因此,它不能以自然的方式,通过各个部分的结合而产生,或通过分解而消灭。他认为,单子的开始和终结只能一下子发生,它只能通过被创造而获得开始,只能通过被消灭而告之终结。他说,单子只能“突然产生,突然消灭,这就是说,它们只能凭借创造而产生,凭借毁灭而消灭”。2.单子是非物质的精神性的东西。他认为,精神实体不具有形体,因而是单纯的、不可分的。3.单子的数目是无限的,单子有质的区别。
后现代主义以颠覆传统形而上学为己任,单子论与二元论是其两块基石。
Postmodernism takes it as its mission to upset the traditional metaphysics, whose foundations are Monadology and dualism.
从莱布尼茨的《人类理智新论》和《单子论》中梳理其认识论思想,尤其是他对认识主体的看法。
Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibniz's epistemological thought, especially his view on the subject in his epistemology has been combed from his New Essays on the Human Understanding and Monadology.
怀特海的过程哲学以关系实在论、事件本体论和内在价值论建构起来,这正是对单子论和二元论的有力批判。
Whitehead's process philosophy, which is constructed with Realism in Relation, event ontology and axiology intrinsic value, serves as a vigorous criticism of Monadology and dualism.
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