学理通说认为，证明评价模式经历了神示证据制度、法定证据制度和现代自由心证证据制度三个阶段。
Most jurisconsults think that the mode of evaluating the evidence experienced three stages: God Proof, Legal Proof and Free Proof.
刑讯逼供制度是法定证据制度无法实现的结果；而辩诉交易盛行则反映了当代英美对抗性陪审制无法成为普遍程序的现实。
The law of torture comes from the unpractical legal proof system while the law of plea bargaining comes from the impractical jury system.
1938年在美国被确立为一项法定程序制度后，证据开示制度便被纳入许多国家的民事诉讼法或证据法中。
After established as a legal proceeding in 1938 in America, discovery has been adopted in the evidence law by many countries.
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