... 使得很难避免出现变量混淆现象(a confounding of variables) 外部刺激没有察觉(awareness) 语义记忆(semantic memory) ...
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The study sounds simple, but the design of the experiments was actually somewhat complex, because the researchers had to overcome a number of confounding variables.
这个实验听起来很简单,但是实验的设计确实有一定程度的复杂性,因为研究人员不得不克服一些混淆变量。
They also knew that, by working with surveys from three countries, and with such a wide range of ages, they would diversify the data and iron out confounding variables.
他们也明白研究三个国家的调查结果,而且是这么广的年龄跨度,他们能使数据多样化且消除混杂变量。
Internal validity: the degree to which the results of a study can be attributed to the treatment rather than extraneous or confounding variables.
内部效度:一个实验结果归咎于实验处理,而非归咎于无关的混淆的变量的程度。
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