General andhealth-specific durable powers of attorney, along with livingwills and advance directives, can guide care.

普通和健康指定的永久授权书，以及生预嘱和预先指令能指导治疗。

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This is the time, Dr. McCullough suggests, to reinsert themselves back into the parent's life, to show up at doctor visits and to raise unpleasant topics like advance directives and health proxies.

麦克科鲁斯医生建议，要利用这个时期，作为子女要重新进入父母的生活，他们要在医生访问的时候提出那些令人不快的话题，比如专业指导以及健康委托。

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We should treat advance directives, including negative and positive ones, in the best interests of patients so as to protect patient's real subjective will.

应本着患者利益最佳化的原则去善待预先指示，包括其消极指示和积极指示，以保护患者本人真实的主观意志。

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And more advance directives are likely to designate friends as health and financial decisionmakers.

FORBES: Aging Outside the Nuclear Family

Insurer Aetna began using nurse-care managers to help manage both Medicare and commercially insured patients with terminal illness in 2004, using telephone consultations with patients, doctors and families to, among other things, ensure advance directives are in place and complied with.

WSJ: New Efforts to Simplify End-of-Life-Care Wishes