A cancer-causing agent known as N-NMBA (nitrosomethylbenzylamine) is linked with esophageal cancer, Chen says.

神经肌肉阻断剂被认为是一种与食道癌相关的引癌剂。

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In their study, the team first gave mice a cancer-causing agent. All of the male mice developed liver cancer, compared to one out of five of the females.

在他们的研究中，他们首先给小鼠致癌剂，所有的雄性小鼠都罹患肝癌，相比之下只有五分之一的雌性小鼠产生肝癌。

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As part of the formula, they measured a biological marker, total NNAL, which indicates the amount of exposure to the tobacco-specific lung cancer-causing agent NNK.

作为公式的一部分，他们测定了生物标记物——总nnal含量，它能够反应烟草特异致肺癌成分nnk的含量。

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With good epidemiology and good basic research, we've identified a cancer-causing agent, and it's called tobacco.

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The Environmental Protection Agency has classified secondhand smoke as a known human cancer-causing agent.

CNN: Study: Smoke-free laws may cut heart attack hospitalizations

We are advocates for removing this cancer-causing agent from our population, and we've done a pretty good job, by the way.

CNN: Debaters Agree Cancer War Should Stress Prevention