Volume effect is in the case of the plastic processing system with vibration, under this process the deformation resistance force of materials is reduced, and the deformation rate is risen.
一般认为将机械振动引入到金属的塑性成形加工中，不但可以降低材料变形时所需的外力，还能大幅度提高产品成形质量，这些效果的产生主要缘于体积效应的影响。
Interative algorithm is used to calculate the tire deformation and sinkage, tractive force, rolling resistance, torque, tractive coefficient, tractive efficiency under different soft terrains.
采用迭代算法，对弹性轮胎在不同松软地表上的轮胎变形、下陷，轮胎的牵引力、滚动阻力、扭矩、牵引因数、牵引效率进行了计算。
The inner maximum resistance force and the maximum stress of the specimen decreases as the deformation temperature increasing.
在形变速率相同的条件下，随变形温度的升高，试样内部最大形变抗力及最大应力呈下降趋势。
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