The article educed that the series of hard wheat futures and spot prices show their first-order difference stationary, I (1) process, by the unit root test.
通过单位根检验，确定硬麦期货与现货价格序列具有一阶差分平稳性即i(1)过程。
It is a controversial issue whether the output and productivity follow a trend-stationary or difference-stationary process in modern macroeconomic theory.
产出和生产率，究竟是趋势平稳，亦或差分平稳，是现代宏观经济学争论的重要议题。
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