Several factors, such as defects in chromosome segregation and DNA damage response, failure of cell cycle checkpoint, telomere dysfunction, may cause chromosomal instability.

多种细胞机制功能障碍将导致染色体不稳定性，包括染色体分离、DNA损伤反应、细胞周期检查点、端粒功能等。

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An important part of the cellular response to DNA damage is checkpoint activation - checkpoint kinases CHK1 and CHK2 phosphorylate key proteins to elicit cell-cycle blocks.

细胞对DNA损伤作出应答的一个重要过程是检查点活化(检查点激酶CHK1和CHK2使关键蛋白磷酸化，从而阻止正常的细胞周期。)

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Highly conserved DNA-repair and cell-cycle checkpoint pathways allow cells to deal with both endogenous and exogenous sources of DNA damage.

高度保守的DNA修复和细胞周期检查点通路使得细胞能够应付各种内源性或外源性因素引起的DNA损伤。

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