Electron probe microanalyses and Hall effect were used to measure the variations of Ge dopant and its related donor and acceptor concentrations.

通过电子探针微区分析和霍尔效应法探测锗杂质及其相关施主和受主浓度的变化。

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The dopant is an electron acceptor and the cage is a donor which is different from the case of metallofullerenes.

在这种包合物中有机小分子是电子的受体，而碳笼则为电子的给体，这与金属富勒烯包合物恰恰相反。

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For every dopant has its advantages and disadvantages, results of recent studies show that double-donor doping and donor-acceptor codoping can improve the performance of the material remarkably.

由于各掺杂物的优缺点不同，近几年研究发现，双施主掺杂和施受主共掺能够很好的改善材料的性能。

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