The paper proposes an approach to design a dual-loop variable structure controller for a particular class of singularly perturbed dynamic systems.

针对一类典型的奇异摄动动力学系统提出了双回路变结构控制器的设计方法。

youdao

We never made any proposal that involved a dual-class shareholding structure.

我们从未提议任何双层持股结构。

youdao

Since 1986, when Dow Jones introduced a dual-class share structure, the family has cut its overall shareholding from 54.7% to 24.7%.

在1986年道琼斯开始实行两类股票结构之后，该家族在道琼斯的股份从54.7%降到了24.7%。

youdao

But it was Henry Ford's tax-avoidance strategy two decades earlier that first established the dual-class structure.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Ford declined to comment, but referred to a previously issued statement in response to a shareholder proposal to eliminate the dual-class structure.

FORBES: Ford Family's Stake Is Smaller, But They're Richer And Still Firmly In Control

However, day-to-day dilution from routine equity-based employee compensation and other possible dilution, such as stock-based acquisitions, will likely undermine this dual-class structure and our aspirations for Google over the very long term.

FORBES: Google's Paranoid Governance Structure Has Made It Less Innovative, Not More