abstract:Duke of Richelieu was a title in the French nobility. It was created on 26 November 1629 for Armand Jean Cardinal du Plessis, who, as a clergyman, had no issue to pass it down to.
Men like Cardinal Richelieu in France, the Earls of Essex and Leicester in England, and the Dukeof Lerma in Spain were both private advice-givers and public administrators.