In both North America and Europe, fungus-causing diseases such as Dutch elm disease have killed off millions of stately trees that once gave beauty to forests and cities.

在北美和欧洲，像荷兰榆树病这样的真菌疾病已经杀死了数百万棵曾给森林和城市增光添彩的高大树木。

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Holmes crossed two compatible races of ceratocystis ulmi, the causal agent of Dutch elm disease.

霍姆斯曾把荷兰榆病害的致病因子，长喙壳的两个亲和小种杂交。

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The output was adjusted to the same pitch as the tree's screams and I threatened him with everything from falling branches to Dutch elm disease.

输出的信号被调整至与杨柳树的尖叫声一样的音调，我用各种可能来威胁他，从突然掉落的树枝，一直到荷兰榆树病，什么都有。

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Dutch Elm disease changed the British landscape in the 1970s by killing large numbers of elm trees.

BBC: By BBC Environment Correspondent Robert Pigott

East Sussex has one of the country's largest populations of mature elms after controls were set up in 1973 to limit the spread of Dutch elm disease.

BBC: Protesters spend night up Brighton city centre elm tree

Many of the maples now being devoured by China's beetles were planted by his father, also Chicago's mayor, when Dutch elm disease swept through the city nearly three decades ago.

ECONOMIST: The invaders from China | The