The mutual influence in economy between the port and its hinterland builds up progressively the exporting system of the northern area of China.

通过港口与腹地间经济的互动作用，近代北方外向型经济体系逐步架构起来。

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Put forward to establish the analytic method of model of economy of haven hinterland space.

提出了建立港口腹地空间经济模型的分析方法。

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Pomerranz, Kenneth L. "The Making of a Hinterland: State, Society and Economy in Inland North China, 1853-1937", Berkeley: University of California Press, 1993.

彭慕兰：《腹地之构建：1853—1937年华北内地之国家、社会与经济》，伯克利：加州大学出版社，1993年。

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