The total deformation of soils consists of three parts: elastic strain, plastic strain related to volumetric yielding mechanism and plastic strain related to shear yielding mechanism.
土体总的变形由三部分组成：即弹性应变、与体积屈服机制相关的塑性应变和与剪切屈服机制相关的塑性应变。
The elastic range, the plastic range (during which the material flows at a constant stress), the strain-hardening range, and the range during which necking occurs, terminating in fracture.
弹性范围，塑料范围（当材料以不变的应力流动时），应变硬化范围和发生颈缩现象以其断裂终止的范围。
When the load is removed, the elastic portion of the strain is recovered, but the plastic part (slip and creep) remains as permanent set.
当荷载被移走时，应变的弹性部分恢复，但塑性应变部分(滑移和徐变)却会永久呆留。
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