Based on the concept of load-price elasticity, the principle of marginal cost pricing, and conditions of the deregulated retail electricity market, the model of spot pricing was deduced.

根据电力零售市场的特点，基于负荷价格响应的定义以及边际成本定价理论，推导出了考虑负荷价格响应的有功实时电价的表达式。

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The retail electricity of a monopolizing distribution company still have to be regulated after the real-time price (RTP) is utilized in the retail electricity market since the market is monopolized.

在电力零售市场引入实时电价（RTP）制度后，当零售市场还处于配电公司垄断经营的阶段，仍需要对配电公司的零售电价进行规制。

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A contract is the concrete embodiment for the mutual rights and responsibility between electric power provider and its users under the retail electricity market.

在电力零售市场上，合同是用户和电力供应商之间权利义务的具体体现。

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Then he pulled the plug on an emerging retail electricity market by imposing a four-year price freeze.

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And, by promising to capture 90% of its carbon, SCS Energy can get away with burning the cheapest but dirtiest source of baseload fuel (coal) in the most expensive retail electricity market in the country.

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After ducking the question several times, Mr Lay eventually talks about such miscues as the firm's botched entry into the Californian retail market for electricity and a costly blunder involving North Sea gas some years ago.

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