Objective To investigate the effect of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA)using low concentration bupivacaine and morphine on immunity function of the carcinoma patient after surgery.

目的探讨病人自控硬膜外低浓度布比卡因复合小剂量吗啡镇痛对肿瘤病人术后免疫功能的影响。

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Aim: to investigate the effects of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on endocrine, respiratory and circulatory function in the elderly after upper abdominal surgery.

目的：观察老年病人上腹部术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)对内分泌及呼吸和循环功能的影响。

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Objective to explore the effects of emiction training in obstetrical patients with postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia.

目的探讨排尿训练对妇科术后自控硬膜外镇痛病人排尿型态恢复的效果。

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