The most likely cause is fluid overload from crystalloid liquid infusion or massive transfusion.

最可能的病因是大量的输血和输液造成的液体过量。

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This fluid administration requires frequent assessment of the infused volume to prevent fluid overload complications such as cerebral edema.

但在静脉补液时，应经常评估输注量，防止液体超负荷引起并发症，如脑水肿。

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Excess protein may cause hyperammonemia or an elevated BUN. Fluid overload, cholestasis and osmotic diuresis are further problems which may occur.

过量的蛋白质供给可导致血氨过高或血尿素氮升高，进而可发生液体负荷过多，胆汁淤积和渗透性利尿。

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