The surface mark of an established plume is a hot spot—an isolated region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain located far from the edge of a surface plate.

一个已形成的烟羽的表面标志是一个热点——一个远离表面板块边缘的火山和隆起地形的孤立区域。

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The "mantle plume" thus formed, once established, continues to channel hot material from the mantle base until the reservoir is emptied.

这样形成的“地幔柱”一旦形成，就会继续从地幔底部引导热物质，直到储层被排空。

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Indonesia's Mount Merapi started spewing hot ash clouds on Monday morning, sending a 1.5-kilometer plume toward the south.

印尼的默拉皮火山于星期一早晨开始喷发出灼热的灰云，向南发送出约为1.5公里的火山烟羽。

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The investigators watched as the fire quickly consumed the couch, sending upward a plume of smoke that hit the ceiling and spread outward, creating a thick layer of hot gases overhead an efficient radiator of heat.

NEWYORKER: Trial by Fire