[9]在Sierra Club 一案中,最高法院判决原告需因被告的行为而受到“实际损害”(injury in fact),方有资格提起诉讼。所谓“实际损害”并不局限于经济上的损害,环境舒适等非经济上的损害也包括在内。
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)等案时 ,法院不再以法律上保障的权利受侵害作为原告享有起诉权的要件,只要求原告受到实际上的损害”(injury in fact),便可提起诉讼。以上判例逐步确立了美国公益诉讼的基本制度,从而也使司法在环境侵权中确立了主要救济途径的地位。
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从总体上来看,司法对于原告的起诉资格是施加了一定的法律限制的,比如有关对“事实损害”(injury in fact)的证明要求等。此外,在司法中,“任何人”或“任何公民”通常被解释为既包括公民个人又包括代表其成员的组织。
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His power, in fact, is one major reason why Tottenham was destroyed and why the Arsenal back four lost the plot before he got that injury in the 8-2 win—and remember it was he who got the opener.
他在曼联战胜热刺一役中起了重要作用,而在8-2狂屠阿森纳的比赛中,又是他把阿森纳的后防搅得一刻不得安宁并首开记录,不过正是在那场比赛中,他受伤离场。
In fact, there are drugs being developed right now - who knows if they'll ever make it to the market - that may actually slow down the process of brain-cell injury and death.
事实上,现在正在研发的某些药物,可以真正做到延缓脑细胞受损的过程,延缓死亡,不过我不清楚这种药物是否已经供应市场。
In fact Van der Sar was forced off shortly after due to an injury caused in this clash.
事实上,范德萨在这次冲撞后不久就因受伤被迫下场。
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