一是体系内部的不可逆性（internal irreversibility），二是体系与环境热交换的不可逆性 （external thermal irreversibility），如存在一定量的温度差导 致的热交换过程。
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The influences of the internal irreversibility and the high-low temperature ratio in isobaric process on the optimal performance of the system are revealed.
同时揭示了内不可逆性及等压过程高低温比值对系统优化性能的影响。
Two internal irreversibility parameters, the heat engine cycle and the refrigerator cycle were introduced to characterize the irreversibility inside the cycle.
引入两个内不可逆性参数，分别用于描述热机循环的内不可逆性和制冷循环的内不可逆性。
A general cycle model of a solar engine is set up. The influence of finite-rate heat transfer and internal irreversibility on the cyclic performance of the system is searched.
本文建立太阳能热机系统的一般循环模型，探讨传热和内不可逆性因素对其循环性能的影响；
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