Shequitthe paternal United Partyin 1959, frustrated thatitwassowobblyagainst apartheid, to joina Progressive Partyof12members that was wiped out in an electiontwoyears later.
He was too independent, though, to owe anyone allegiance and soon quarrelled with Breton, just as later he refused to jointhe Communist Party, even though he championed many of its causes, writing plays for the Groupe Octobre, which performed in factories and working-class districts.