Internal expansion joint shall be adopted to single tube side float head heat exchanger for avoiding from large temperature difference stress, when design pressure on shell side is larger.
设计单管程浮头式换热器时，为避免较大的温差应力，在壳程设计压力较大的状况下，常采用内置膨胀节的形式。
Its not an ignoral problem that the effect of large temperature difference change on stress of tunnel liner during design and calculation of tunnel.
大温差变化对隧道衬砌受力的影响是隧道计算与设计中的一个问题。
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