Initially, the new paradigm is typically greeted with strong resistance both from the scientific community and even from other powers as in the case of the Copernican revolution.

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This period of conflict may last for decades, particularly if the new paradigm comes, not from some of the existing leaders of the current scientific establishment but rather from some unexpected and peripheral source, e.g. the dramatically different theory of genetics coming from Gregor Mendel in Moravia or a revolutionary theory of stomach ulcers from Barry Marshall in Perth, Australia.

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The new paradigm changes the way scientists look at the world, as well as the direction of future scientific research in the field.

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