In the energy sector, excluding oil and gas, these include coal, lignite, uranium, and thorium and tar sands.

关于能源，除了石油和天然气，还包括煤、褐煤、铀、钍和沥青。

youdao

Unconventional oil production (whether from shale or oil sands) is an energy-intensive process, and emits more CO2 than conventional extractive methods do.

FORBES: Carbon Tax: Will Tweedle Dum Snatch Defeat From the Jaws of Victory?

Environmentalists strongly oppose shale-gas extraction due to fears that fracking may contaminate water supplies, the oil-sands industry because it is energy-intensive and dirty, and deep-water drilling because of the risk of oil spills like last year's Gulf of Mexico disaster.

WSJ: Big Oil Companies Are Shifting Their Focus Back to the West

It also has its hand in oil sands, solar, fuel cells and a variety of other alternative energy initiatives worldwide.

FORBES: How Chevron, Qualcomm And Starbucks Can Bring Us World Peace