Expenditure on education has gone up by seven point eight per cent over and above inflation.

教育支出增长率比通货膨胀率高出7.8%。

《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

In the middle panel David Armstrong describes a low-risk strategy: tax-exempt bonds that, like Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities, give you a return over and above inflation.

FORBES: The Bupkes Bond

Many developing economies also have positive real interest rates, meaning that you can earn a return on their bonds over and above the rate of inflation.

FORBES: 3 Investment Ideas from Bill Gross's February Outlook

The above-inflation pay increases that Cosatu has claimed over the past five years have swelled government expenditure and crowded out spending on worthier causes.

ECONOMIST: South Africa's politics