Although great of propositions have studied on overconfidence, how to test them using field data is still faced with obstacle, because overconfidence level can't be evaluated accurately in real world.

由于在真实的市场环境中无法精确测度人的过度自信程度，虽然对过度自信进行研究的理论层出不穷，但如何利用实证数据检验这些理论的有效性仍然面临着较大的障碍。

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