N hardness of water that cannot be removed by boiling as it results mainly from the presence of calcium and magnesium chlorides and sulphates 永久硬度 [chem]
The results showed that the high carboxylated NBR featured high hardness, tensile strength and modulus, good abrasion resistance, but greater permanent set and poorer processing safety;
结果表明，高羧基丁腈橡胶具有硬度、拉伸强度和定伸应力高，耐磨性好，压缩永久变形大，加工安全性较差等特点；
Any mechanical operation that creates permanent deformation, such as bending, rolling, drawing, etc. performed at room temperature that increases the hardness and strength of the stainless steel.
引起材料永久变形的机械操作，如弯曲、辗制、拔制等。在室温下操作，提高不锈钢的硬度及强度。
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