All of the other council members were represented by their head of state or government, except for non-permanent member Libya, which sent its U.N.ambassador instead of President Moammar Gadhafi.

VOA: standard.2009.09.24

These interest and royalty payments shall be exempt from any taxes in that State provided that the beneficial owner of the payment is a company or permanent establishment in another Member State.

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The creation of a permanent "President" of the European Council (which brings together the heads of state and government of all 27 member states) was intended to provide leadership and strategic direction.

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