In Asian communities where child abuse is often construed as severe physical violence, it is important to emphasize the equally pernicious effects of emotional maltreatment.

在人们常常把儿童虐待与严重体罚联系在一起的亚裔社区，强调精神虐待会产生相当恶劣的影响是非常重要的。

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"Chinese parents tend to use physical and emotional punishment to solve parent-child problems and conflicts, which may easily lead to child abuse," the authors wrote.

作者写道，“中国家长往往通过身体及情感上的惩罚解决父母与子女之间的问题和冲突，这可能很容易就会导致虐待儿童的行为。”

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Child physical abuse is an unfortunately common occurrence that may manifest as any pattern of injury.

儿童虐待是一种不幸但又常见的事件，可能会表现为各种损伤的类型。

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Low MAOA has been linked to reduced volume in the amygdala the emotional center of the brain while physical child abuse can damage the frontal part of the brain, resulting in a double hit.

WSJ: Neurocriminology: Inside the Criminal Mind

"We are talking about child abuse, physical abuse, mental abuse, actually using emotional abuse against the child - quite serious offences in some cases - up to physical woundings of children, " Mr Bourlet said.

BBC: NEWS | UK | Call for action on child exorcism

The state agency is brought in when there is suspicion of physical, mental, or emotional abuse of a child, according to Brockton police Lt.

CNN: STORY HIGHLIGHTS