Doubts were expressed concerning the validity and reliability of the primary measuring instrument.

人们对最初的测量工具的效度和信度产生了一些怀疑。

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The problem of error estimate in the primary measurement, the selection of measuring instrument accuracy and the calculation of the effective data are discussed and explained with examples.

讨论了物理实验基础知识中一次测量的误差估计、测量仪器精度的选择和有效数字运算等问题，并以实例予以说明。

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