Second, the bill expands the right of third parties to join the fray at the PTO by showing "prior art" -meaning the invention is already known about and so a patent should not be granted.

第二，法案体现“优先权之道”——即申请专利的发明之前已有人知道则不能通过。这样就扩大了在P TO参与纠纷的第三方权利。

youdao

Prior art is also the basis for determining whether some new step claimed in the invention is obvious-and therefore not worthy of a patent.

先前技术也将决定此项发明中所声称的新措施其实显而易见——因此配不上是一项专利。

youdao

Peer to Patent builds on these ideas, especially the notion that practitioners and researchers within a particular field collectively have all the relevant prior art at their fingertips already.

“Peer to Patent”基于这些想法，尤其是把所有相关的先前技术放在同一个领域的从业者和研究者的手边的主意。

youdao

Now Google's patent search is giving prior art some love as well with the addition of the aptly named "Prior Art Finder" to its patent search tool.

ENGADGET: Google Patents search gets upgrade, now filled with prior art and European patent goodness

Because the perceived quality of patent awards has deteriorated--critics complain that they were given almost indiscriminately to dot-coms for only the slightest changes in prior art--even minor patent applications must be carefully (and expensively) vetted by patent lawyers as protection against lawsuits by aggrieved patent holders.

FORBES: The smother of invention

Patent examiners typically focus their prior art searches on the database of existing patents.

FORBES: The Problems With Software Patents (Part 1 of 3)