Male mice without estrogen receptors had longer ring digits.

而没有雌激素受体的雄性老鼠的无名指则更长。

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At a biochemical level, they've documented changes indicating that pain signals are stronger when estrogen receptors are activated.

在生化层面上，他们已经用文献证明，这些变化表明当雌性激素感受器被激活后疼痛信号更强烈了。

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First, they used genetic tools to deactivate cell receptors-molecules that send and receive signals to and from other cells-for testosterone and estrogen in the developing limb buds of mouse embryos.

首先，他们用基因手段禁止了细胞受体的活动——细胞受体即那些向其他细胞发送和从其他细胞接受信号的分子们——因为雌激素和雄激素存在于正在发育的老鼠胚胎的肢芽中。

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When estrogen is present it can enter cells in the vicinity and it can bind to receptors that are deep inside cells.

雌激素能够进入到邻近的细胞中,并能够与细胞内部的受体相结合

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

An example of a drug that works like that is the anti-cancer drug Tamoxifen which binds to estrogen receptors and blocks estrogen signaling.

这种药物的一个例子就是他莫昔芬,这是一种抗癌药,能够与雌激素受体结合,阻断雌激素信号通路

耶鲁公开课 - 生物医学工程探索课程节选

About two-thirds of tumors have estrogen receptors that make them vulnerable to hormone-blocking medications.

WSJ: Can Breast Cancer Be Overtreated?

Tamoxifen works by substituting for estrogen in breast tissue, hogging all the estrogen receptors on breast cancer cells.

FORBES: Magazine Article

Faslodex works by inhibiting the estrogen receptors on the surface of cancer cells.

FORBES: Searching For An Heir To Tamoxifen