Reconstructive plastic surgery corrects severe functional impairments, fixes physical abnormalities, and compensates for tissue lost to trauma or surgery.

重建整形手术可矫正严重的功能性损伤，修正生理上的畸形，补正因外伤或手术造成的组织缺失。

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Plastic surgery gained legitimacy in the early 20th century by limiting itself to reconstructive operations.

在20世纪早期整形手术通过将其限制于再造手术而获得了合法性。

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He showed that the contents of the fat cell flowedacross the membrane and into the extracellular space (Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, vol 110, p 912).

他证明，脂肪细胞的内容溢出这层膜，进入细胞外的空隙（《整形美容外科》，110卷，912页）。

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For facial plastic surgery, a doctor certified by the American Board of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery is considered an equivalent in all states.

CNN: Plastic surgery: 'Wild West' of medicine

Andrew Lee, director of the Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery at Johns Hopkins.

CNN: Iraq vet undergoes successful double-arm transplant

Iain Whitaker is taking up the new post as chair of plastic and reconstructive surgery in Wales.

BBC: Prof Iain Whitaker