The aggregate effect contributed about as much to post-tax return on equity last year as was lost to writedowns, and dwarfed the boost to returns from cost control and bonus cuts.

这对去年税后股本回报率的总体贡献，与减记亏损造成的拖累相当，超出了成本控制与削减奖金对回报率的贡献度。

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Options allow you to put less dollars at risk, but offer you returns that are a multiple of the comparable return on the underlying equity.

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Interestingly, while majority parties in both the house of Representatives and the Senate didn't seem to have much impact on equity market returns, on average, the party affiliation of the President did: the mean return of the stock market during years with a Democratic president averaged 15.1%, while with Republican presidents, it averaged only 8.6%.

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