The Self established in epistemology has brought about profound difficulties in theory.

近代哲学建构的自我有着巨大的理论困难。

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So now that we’ve established that self-promotion is a good thing, where do we start?

因此从现在开始我们已经认识到了进行自我推销是有必要的，那么我们应该从哪里开始呢？

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In the face of the fierce market competition, the expense of researching and developing self-established non-physical assets rise increasingly.

面对激烈的市场竞争，自创无形资产的研究开发费用日益增长。

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Until the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 was passed after Enron, the audit industry was self-regulating and established its own professional standards, enforced only via peer reviews.

FORBES: Judge Kaplan: Ernst & Young Must Defend Lehman Investor Lawsuit

Pursuing that Barneys comparison (I don't know whether I made it clear that he considers his own shop Barneys and Maison Kayser Macy's, not vice versa), Mr. Payard has established a sort of self-service, cut out the middleman, ethos.

WSJ: A Simmering Bake-Off

The various parts of this system (BACs, CHAPS etc) are largely owned by the main established UK banks and effectively self regulated.

BBC: UK banking reforms: What's new?