Since the late Qing Dynasty, the Eight Banners livelihood had become the system's debilitating breach and has never been solved throughout the Dynasty.

自中晚清以来，八旗生计问题成为其制度衰弱的缺口且终清之世未能解决。

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A large number of han immigrations flow to the Inner Mongolia region particularly in the Eastern Mongolia Since the late Qing Dynasty, and caused a series of major social changes.

自清末以来的大量汉族移民流动给内蒙古地区尤其是东部蒙古地区造成了一系列重大社会变迁。

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Since late Qing Dynasty, people adopted a lot of positive and effective agricultural measures aiming at the frequent floods and droughts in North China.

清以来，针对华北地区频发的水旱灾害，人们采取了许多积极有效的农业措施。

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