Particle pollution - such as smoke, dust and heavy metals -- is known to irritate the airways and worsen asthma, and several studies have linked it to heart disease.

众所皆知，颗粒污染，诸如烟、尘、重金属等，会刺激呼吸道，从而加重哮喘。 有几项研究也把颗粒污染与心脏病联系在一起。

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These irritants may include dust and pollution, cigarette smoke, and other irritants.

这些刺激可能包括灰尘和污染，香烟烟雾，和其他刺激物。

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COPD is mainly caused by smoking, but the condition also has been linked with secondhand smoke, air pollution and workplace dust and chemicals.

吸烟是引发慢性阻塞性肺疾病的主要原因，但它也与二手烟、空气污染以及工作场所的粉尘和化学物质有关。

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