With the vector data structure created, we study a lot of spatial analyze arithmetic, such as the shortest path arithmetic.

同时，根据所建立的矢量数据结构，我们研究了一些空间分析算法，如最短路径算法等。

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Geographic information systems (GIS) provide a method and technology to analyze spatial data, or information about the Earth.

地理信息系统(GIS)提供了分析空间数据或者说是关于地球信息的方法和技术。

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Under the background of the rapid urbanization, an obvious limitation of "time lag" is used to analyze urban social spatial structure with the data of national census.

中国快速城市化背景下，利用中国人口普查数据进行城市社会空间结构分析具有明显的“时滞性”缺陷。

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