Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

在现代条件下，这要求不同程度的中央控制，因此需要获得专业科学家的帮助，例如经济学家和运筹学领域的专家。

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Under modem conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.

在模拟条件下，这需要各种集中的调控并因此需要诸如经济学家和动态分析师等专家们的帮助。

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Other scientists perform the specialized work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.

其他科学家从事同行评议的专业工作也是免费的，因为这是获得学术地位和产出科学知识的一个核心因素。

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These objectives are achieved in co-operation with scientific non-governmental and intergovernmental organizations, and with networks of scientists and specialized centres of excellence, for organizing of training activities, workshops and research projects on a collaborative basis.

UNESCO: Basic Sciences

Until recently, I thought they were largely only in the hands of scientists, doctors (eye surgeries), and other specialized technology types.

FORBES: Connect