A colony "birth-and-death" process is complicated stochastic process, a Markovian process with the nature of Poisson. And it cak be studied by the theory and method of Markovian decision programming.
群体生灭是复杂的随机过程，但它是具泊松性质的马尔科夫过程，因而可以用马尔科夫决策规划的理论和方法来研究。
The backward stochastic differential equations (BSDEs) can describe a class of investment decision-making process problems, which leads its numerical method to be focused.
倒向随机微分方程从数学上描述了一 类投资决策过程，这使得它的数值解计算成为大家关注的焦点之一。
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