And if a cohort effect were responsible, the U-bend would not show up consistently in 40 years' worth of data.

如果人群差异因素成立的话，连续40年的数据就不可能始终呈现马蹄形趋势。

youdao

This may reflect a "cohort effect", the notion that a person's lifelong voting habits are established early on.

上述的行为可以叫做C效应，即一个人一生的投票习惯受早期影响。

youdao

The cohort studies and genetic studies yielded similar results, indicating a protective effect from lower homocysteine levels, even though they did not share the same sources of possible error.

群组研究和遗传研究得到了相同的结论，即低同型半胱氨酸水平是一种保护性因素，尽管可能误差不同。

youdao

That a reasonably significant cohort of the European high-yield market is coming up for its first-call this year has some effect on secondary market liquidity.

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