Ensuring the integrity of the information is an important part of the big-data age. When America's secretary of state, Hillary Clinton, lambasted the Chinese in January for allegedly hacking into Google's computers, she used the term “the global networked commons”. The idea is that the internet is a shared environment, like the oceans or airspace, which requires international co-operation to make the best use of it. Censorship pollutes that environment. Disrupting information flows not only violates the integrity of the data but quashes free expression and denies the right of assembly. Likewise, if telecoms operators give preferential treatment to certain content providers, they undermine the idea of “network neutrality”.

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